{"id":111692,"date":"2023-01-06T14:38:31","date_gmt":"2023-01-06T09:08:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.electronicsforu.com\/?p=111692"},"modified":"2024-10-08T14:40:38","modified_gmt":"2024-10-08T09:10:38","slug":"thermal-management-system-for-evs","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.electronicsforu.com\/electronics-projects\/thermal-management-system-for-evs","title":{"rendered":"Thermal Management System For Electric Vehicles"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright size-thumbnail wp-image-55476\" src=\"https:\/\/www.electronicsforu.com\/wp-contents\/uploads\/2019\/08\/Ashwini-EFY-Tested-150x147.png\" alt=\"ashwini\" width=\"150\" height=\"147\" \/>Recently some electric bikes caught fire due to the failure of the battery management system because of poor battery design. Unfortunately, proper thermal management is not there in most electric vehicles at present. So, here is a project to monitor the battery temperature and smoke detection to alert the EV user and stop the EV well in time to avoid further damage. The authors\u2019 prototype of the thermal management system is shown in Fig. 1 and its block diagram is shown in Fig. 2.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_111698\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-111698\" style=\"width: 353px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-111698 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/www.electronicsforu.com\/wp-contents\/uploads\/2022\/12\/Fig.-1-The-authors-prototype-353x500.jpg\" alt=\"Fig. 1: The authors\u2019 prototype\" width=\"353\" height=\"500\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.electronicsforu.com\/wp-contents\/uploads\/2022\/12\/Fig.-1-The-authors-prototype-353x500.jpg 353w, https:\/\/www.electronicsforu.com\/wp-contents\/uploads\/2022\/12\/Fig.-1-The-authors-prototype-724x1024.jpg 724w, https:\/\/www.electronicsforu.com\/wp-contents\/uploads\/2022\/12\/Fig.-1-The-authors-prototype-696x985.jpg 696w, https:\/\/www.electronicsforu.com\/wp-contents\/uploads\/2022\/12\/Fig.-1-The-authors-prototype-35x50.jpg 35w, https:\/\/www.electronicsforu.com\/wp-contents\/uploads\/2022\/12\/Fig.-1-The-authors-prototype-71x100.jpg 71w, https:\/\/www.electronicsforu.com\/wp-contents\/uploads\/2022\/12\/Fig.-1-The-authors-prototype.jpg 800w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 353px) 100vw, 353px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-111698\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Fig. 1: The authors\u2019 prototype<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><center><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"YouTube video player\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/swLwe8ph3Q8\" width=\"560\" height=\"315\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/center><br \/>\nLithium-ion battery has a specified operational temperature of -20\u00b0C to +60\u00b0C. It will provide the longest service life if its temperature is always kept within approximately 10\u00b0C to 40\u00b0C.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_111699\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-111699\" style=\"width: 600px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-111699\" src=\"https:\/\/www.electronicsforu.com\/wp-contents\/uploads\/2022\/12\/Fig.-2-Block-diagram-of-thermal-management-system.jpg\" alt=\"Fig. 2: Block diagram of thermal management system \" width=\"600\" height=\"633\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.electronicsforu.com\/wp-contents\/uploads\/2022\/12\/Fig.-2-Block-diagram-of-thermal-management-system.jpg 600w, https:\/\/www.electronicsforu.com\/wp-contents\/uploads\/2022\/12\/Fig.-2-Block-diagram-of-thermal-management-system-474x500.jpg 474w, https:\/\/www.electronicsforu.com\/wp-contents\/uploads\/2022\/12\/Fig.-2-Block-diagram-of-thermal-management-system-47x50.jpg 47w, https:\/\/www.electronicsforu.com\/wp-contents\/uploads\/2022\/12\/Fig.-2-Block-diagram-of-thermal-management-system-95x100.jpg 95w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-111699\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Fig. 2: Block diagram of thermal management system<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>The proposed system, powered by a 12V battery, is built around ESP32 board (U1), temperature sensor DS18B20 (U2), smoke sensor MQ135 (U3), 16\u00d72 LCD display (U4), 5V regulator LM7805 (U5), and a few other components. The SPDT switch and potentiometer are connected to input of ESP32 controller while I2C, 16\u00d72 LCD display, buzzer, relay, and Arduino Blue Control application are connected to its output. SPDT switch S1 is for mode selection to display the current temperature or to configure the threshold.<\/p>\n<table dir=\"ltr\" border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\">\n<colgroup>\n<col width=\"156\" \/>\n<col width=\"157\" \/>\n<col width=\"189\" \/><\/colgroup>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" colspan=\"3\" rowspan=\"1\" data-sheets-value=\"{&quot;1&quot;:2,&quot;2&quot;:&quot;Bill of Material&quot;}\"><strong>Bill of Material<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td data-sheets-value=\"{&quot;1&quot;:2,&quot;2&quot;:&quot;Components&quot;}\"><strong>Components<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" data-sheets-value=\"{&quot;1&quot;:2,&quot;2&quot;:&quot;Quantity&quot;}\"><strong>Quantity<\/strong><\/td>\n<td data-sheets-value=\"{&quot;1&quot;:2,&quot;2&quot;:&quot;Description&quot;}\"><strong>Description<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td data-sheets-value=\"{&quot;1&quot;:2,&quot;2&quot;:&quot;ESP32 (U1)&quot;}\">ESP32 (U1)<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" data-sheets-value=\"{&quot;1&quot;:3,&quot;3&quot;:1}\">1<\/td>\n<td data-sheets-value=\"{&quot;1&quot;:2,&quot;2&quot;:&quot;ESP32 development doard&quot;}\">ESP32 development doard<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td data-sheets-value=\"{&quot;1&quot;:2,&quot;2&quot;:&quot;DS18B20 (U2)&quot;}\">DS18B20 (U2)<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" data-sheets-value=\"{&quot;1&quot;:3,&quot;3&quot;:1}\">1<\/td>\n<td data-sheets-value=\"{&quot;1&quot;:2,&quot;2&quot;:&quot;Temperature sensor&quot;}\">Temperature sensor<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td data-sheets-value=\"{&quot;1&quot;:2,&quot;2&quot;:&quot;MQ135 (U3)&quot;}\">MQ135 (U3)<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" data-sheets-value=\"{&quot;1&quot;:3,&quot;3&quot;:1}\">1<\/td>\n<td data-sheets-value=\"{&quot;1&quot;:2,&quot;2&quot;:&quot;Smoke detector&quot;}\">Smoke detector<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td data-sheets-value=\"{&quot;1&quot;:2,&quot;2&quot;:&quot;RG1602A (U4)&quot;}\">RG1602A (U4)<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" data-sheets-value=\"{&quot;1&quot;:3,&quot;3&quot;:1}\">1<\/td>\n<td data-sheets-value=\"{&quot;1&quot;:2,&quot;2&quot;:&quot;I2C 16x2 LCD display&quot;}\">I2C 16&#215;2 LCD display<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td data-sheets-value=\"{&quot;1&quot;:2,&quot;2&quot;:&quot;LM7805 (U5)&quot;}\">LM7805 (U5)<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" data-sheets-value=\"{&quot;1&quot;:3,&quot;3&quot;:1}\">1<\/td>\n<td data-sheets-value=\"{&quot;1&quot;:2,&quot;2&quot;:&quot;5V voltage regulator&quot;}\">5V voltage regulator<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td data-sheets-value=\"{&quot;1&quot;:2,&quot;2&quot;:&quot;10k (R1)&quot;}\">10k (R1)<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" data-sheets-value=\"{&quot;1&quot;:3,&quot;3&quot;:1}\">1<\/td>\n<td data-sheets-value=\"{&quot;1&quot;:2,&quot;2&quot;:&quot;Potmeter&quot;}\">Potmeter<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td data-sheets-value=\"{&quot;1&quot;:2,&quot;2&quot;:&quot;1k (R2, R3)&quot;}\">1k (R2, R3)<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" data-sheets-value=\"{&quot;1&quot;:3,&quot;3&quot;:2}\">2<\/td>\n<td data-sheets-value=\"{&quot;1&quot;:2,&quot;2&quot;:&quot;\u00bc-watt resistor&quot;}\">\u00bc-watt resistor<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td data-sheets-value=\"{&quot;1&quot;:2,&quot;2&quot;:&quot;1N4009 (D1, D2)&quot;}\">1N4009 (D1, D2)<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" data-sheets-value=\"{&quot;1&quot;:3,&quot;3&quot;:2}\">2<\/td>\n<td data-sheets-value=\"{&quot;1&quot;:2,&quot;2&quot;:&quot;Rectifier diode&quot;}\">Rectifier diode<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td data-sheets-value=\"{&quot;1&quot;:2,&quot;2&quot;:&quot;100nF (C1, C2)&quot;}\">100nF (C1, C2)<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" data-sheets-value=\"{&quot;1&quot;:3,&quot;3&quot;:2}\">2<\/td>\n<td data-sheets-value=\"{&quot;1&quot;:2,&quot;2&quot;:&quot;Ceramic disk capacitor&quot;}\">Ceramic disk capacitor<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td data-sheets-value=\"{&quot;1&quot;:2,&quot;2&quot;:&quot;SU1&quot;}\">SU1<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" data-sheets-value=\"{&quot;1&quot;:3,&quot;3&quot;:1}\">1<\/td>\n<td data-sheets-value=\"{&quot;1&quot;:2,&quot;2&quot;:&quot;Buzzer&quot;}\">Buzzer<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td data-sheets-value=\"{&quot;1&quot;:2,&quot;2&quot;:&quot;GU-SH112D (RL1)&quot;}\">GU-SH112D (RL1)<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" data-sheets-value=\"{&quot;1&quot;:3,&quot;3&quot;:1}\">1<\/td>\n<td data-sheets-value=\"{&quot;1&quot;:2,&quot;2&quot;:&quot;High-power switching relay&quot;}\">High-power switching relay<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td data-sheets-value=\"{&quot;1&quot;:2,&quot;2&quot;:&quot;BC547A (Q1, Q2)&quot;}\">BC547A (Q1, Q2)<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" data-sheets-value=\"{&quot;1&quot;:3,&quot;3&quot;:2}\">2<\/td>\n<td data-sheets-value=\"{&quot;1&quot;:2,&quot;2&quot;:&quot;Transistor (npn type)&quot;}\">Transistor (npn type)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td data-sheets-value=\"{&quot;1&quot;:2,&quot;2&quot;:&quot;On\/off switch (S1)&quot;}\">On\/off switch (S1)<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" data-sheets-value=\"{&quot;1&quot;:3,&quot;3&quot;:1}\">1<\/td>\n<td data-sheets-value=\"{&quot;1&quot;:2,&quot;2&quot;:&quot;SPDT switch&quot;}\">SPDT switch<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td data-sheets-value=\"{&quot;1&quot;:2,&quot;2&quot;:&quot;12V battery (BT1)&quot;}\">12V battery (BT1)<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" data-sheets-value=\"{&quot;1&quot;:3,&quot;3&quot;:1}\">1<\/td>\n<td data-sheets-value=\"{&quot;1&quot;:2,&quot;2&quot;:&quot;Lithium-ion battery&quot;}\">Lithium-ion battery<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td data-sheets-value=\"{&quot;1&quot;:2,&quot;2&quot;:&quot;60V\/40A\/2.4kW (BT2)&quot;}\">60V\/40A\/2.4kW (BT2)<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" data-sheets-value=\"{&quot;1&quot;:3,&quot;3&quot;:1}\">1<\/td>\n<td data-sheets-value=\"{&quot;1&quot;:2,&quot;2&quot;:&quot;Electric vehicle battery&quot;}\">Electric vehicle battery<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td data-sheets-value=\"{&quot;1&quot;:2,&quot;2&quot;:&quot;Smartphone&quot;}\">Smartphone<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" data-sheets-value=\"{&quot;1&quot;:3,&quot;3&quot;:1}\">1<\/td>\n<td data-sheets-value=\"{&quot;1&quot;:2,&quot;2&quot;:&quot;Android mobile phone&quot;}\">Android mobile phone<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td data-sheets-value=\"{&quot;1&quot;:2,&quot;2&quot;:&quot;Arduino Blue Control app&quot;}\">Arduino Blue Control app<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td data-sheets-value=\"{&quot;1&quot;:2,&quot;2&quot;:&quot;Need to download&quot;}\">Need to download<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td data-sheets-value=\"{&quot;1&quot;:2,&quot;2&quot;:&quot;IDE Arduino software&quot;}\">IDE Arduino software<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td data-sheets-value=\"{&quot;1&quot;:2,&quot;2&quot;:&quot;Need to download&quot;}\">Need to download<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2>Software<\/h2>\n<div class=\"mepr_error\"><div class=\"locked-content\">\n<b>EFY++ CONTENT: ACCESS TO THIS CONTENT IS FREE! BUT YOU NEED TO BE A REGISTERED USER.<\/b><\/p>\n<p>Oops! This is an EFY++ article, which means it's our Premium Content. You need to be a Registered User of our website to read its complete content.<\/p>\n<p><b>Good News: <\/b>You can register to our website for FREE! <a href=\"https:\/\/www.electronicsforu.com\/plans\/subscription-plans\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CLICK HERE<\/a> to register now.<\/p>\n<p><b>Already a registered member? <\/b>If YES, then simply login to you account below. (TIP: Use 'forgot password' feature and reset and save your new password in your browser, if you forgot the last one!)\n<\/div>\n<\/div><div>\n<div class=\"mp_wrapper mp_login_form\">\n                  <!-- mp-login-form-start -->     <form name=\"mepr_loginform\" id=\"mepr_loginform\" class=\"mepr-form\" action=\"https:\/\/www.electronicsforu.com\/login\" method=\"post\">\n            <div class=\"mp-form-row mepr_username\">\n        <div class=\"mp-form-label\">\n                              <label for=\"user_login\">Username<\/label>\n        <\/div>\n        <input type=\"text\" name=\"log\" id=\"user_login\" value=\"\" \/>\n      <\/div>\n      <div class=\"mp-form-row mepr_password\">\n        <div class=\"mp-form-label\">\n          <label for=\"user_pass\">Password<\/label>\n          <div class=\"mp-hide-pw\">\n            <input type=\"password\" name=\"pwd\" id=\"user_pass\" value=\"\" \/>\n            <button type=\"button\" class=\"button mp-hide-pw hide-if-no-js\" data-toggle=\"0\" aria-label=\"Show password\">\n              <span class=\"dashicons dashicons-visibility\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>\n            <\/button>\n          <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n      <\/div>\n            <div>\n        <label><input name=\"rememberme\" type=\"checkbox\" id=\"rememberme\" value=\"forever\" \/> Remember Me<\/label>\n      <\/div>\n      <div class=\"mp-spacer\">&nbsp;<\/div>\n      <div class=\"submit\">\n        <input type=\"submit\" name=\"wp-submit\" id=\"wp-submit\" class=\"button-primary mepr-share-button \" value=\"Log In\" \/>\n        <input type=\"hidden\" name=\"redirect_to\" value=\"\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/111692\" \/>\n        <input type=\"hidden\" name=\"mepr_process_login_form\" value=\"true\" \/>\n        <input type=\"hidden\" name=\"mepr_is_login_page\" value=\"false\" \/>\n      <\/div>\n    <\/form>\n    <div class=\"mp-spacer\">&nbsp;<\/div>\n    <div class=\"mepr-login-actions\">\n      <a href=\"https:\/\/www.electronicsforu.com\/login?action=forgot_password\">Forgot Password<\/a>\n    <\/div>\n\n      \n    <!-- mp-login-form-end --> \n  <\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Recently some electric bikes caught fire due to the failure of the battery management system because of poor battery design. Unfortunately, proper thermal management is not there in most electric vehicles at present. So, here is a project to monitor the battery temperature and smoke detection to alert the EV user and stop the EV [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":207408,"featured_media":111698,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[22,23,1944,3713,6189],"tags":[1910,1985,1911,110,83,10328],"class_list":{"0":"post-111692","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-electronics-projects","8":"category-hardware-diy","9":"category-editor-choice","10":"category-premium","11":"category-esp32-projects","12":"tag-diy","13":"tag-diy-projects","14":"tag-do-it-yourself","15":"tag-electronics-projects","16":"tag-featured","17":"tag-jan-2023"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.electronicsforu.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/111692","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.electronicsforu.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.electronicsforu.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.electronicsforu.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/207408"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.electronicsforu.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=111692"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.electronicsforu.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/111692\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":144941,"href":"https:\/\/www.electronicsforu.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/111692\/revisions\/144941"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.electronicsforu.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/111698"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.electronicsforu.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=111692"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.electronicsforu.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=111692"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.electronicsforu.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=111692"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}